SECTION 4 Whether Creation Is Something Within the Creature That Is Distinct in Reality From the Creature Itself

2 According to the standard Aristotelian picture, in any given instance of motion or change the action and the passion are the very same entity – namely, the motion that exists within the subject and hence outside the agent. This entity can be looked at in two ways. Insofar as it emanates from the agent, it is called an action; insofar as it is received within the patient, it is called a passion (or an instance of being-acted-upon). Thus, given that there is no passion where there is no motion or change, it follows that where there is no motion or change, there is no action outside the agent. Suarez will challenge this standard picture by claiming that (i) it holds only for actions which are also changes, and that (ii) in the case of creation ex nihilo there is an action outside the agent even though there is no passion. SECTION 4